Individualised or in Small Areas

Defect visualisation

The wall tiling evidences detachment of isolated tiles or of groups of a few tiles, in small areas. The defect also includes localised buckling with a hollow or drummy sound when tapped, with cracked or burst grout joints.

On inspection, the back of the detached tile, or of the tile extracted from the wall tiling without mechanical effort, displays one of the following situations:

Case 1

The tile back is free of bonding material, and in addition:

• The mortar adhered to the wall exhibits the ribs marks and even the logotype of the tile, in thick-bed fixing
• The adhesive displays clear ridges as well as exhibiting the pattern of the tile back, in thin-bed fixing
• The mortar or adhesive surface contains foreign materials

• Defect assignment
  

• Defect prevention

• Historical

Case 2

The tile back is either partly or entirely covered with bonding material. In this second case, there are two possibilities:

• The bonding material has also remained adhered to the wall
• The wall hardly displays any remains of adhered material

• Defect assignment

• Defect prevention

• Historical
  

Case 3

Some fixing surface is also adhered. In this case, the bonding material adhered to the tile back includes remains of fixing surface material, normally with a rough texture, which can be disaggregated by friction.

• Defect assignment
  

• Defect prevention
  

• Historical

Case 4

Detachment of several consecutive tiles, horizontally or vertically, it also being observed that:

• There is a change of material or a longitudinal crack in the fixing surface
• The bonding material adhering to the wall displays a longitudinal crack
• The detached tiles, buckled or with a hollow sound, are aligned next to a change of plane (abutment with a construction element in the wall tiling), a change in material, or next to carpentry or fixed furniture
• The detached tiles covered a movement joint

• Defect assignment
  

• Defect prevention

• Historical

Case 5

Together with the detachment of isolated tiles or a group of tiles, an incorrect application of adhesive (‘spot’ fixing) can be observed

• Defect prevention

• Historical