Covering Installation Guide / Defects and malfunctions in wall and floor tilings / Surface defects / Stains
Stains
Defect visualisation
This head includes all defects involving impairment of the ceramic wall or floor tiling surface in terms of colour, texture, or gloss, or because of greater cleaning difficulty.
It is a broader assignment than the concept of stain as applied to the surface of a material and understood as change of appearance with a limited geometry, as the result of the superposition of a staining material or a chemical attack. Here, it includes:
Case 1
Localised stains, with a defined geometry and limited extension, affecting isolated tiles, originating in the tile installation, grouting, and final cleaning operations, or in chemical attack after the tile installation has been completed. Exceptionally, also welding aggressions that fuse and colour the glazes.
This head includes all defects involving impairment of the ceramic wall or floor tiling surface in terms of colour, texture, or gloss, or because of greater cleaning difficulty.
It is a broader assignment than the concept of stain as applied to the surface of a material and understood as change of appearance with a limited geometry, as the result of the superposition of a staining material or a chemical attack. Here, it includes:
Case 1
Localised stains, with a defined geometry and limited extension, affecting isolated tiles, originating in the tile installation, grouting, and final cleaning operations, or in chemical attack after the tile installation has been completed. Exceptionally, also welding aggressions that fuse and colour the glazes.
Case 2
Stains also located below the glazes, present in isolated tiles of group III as a result of the deposition of colouring compounds in the interface between the biscuit and the transparent or translucent glaze.
Case 3
The so-called ‘television effect’, with darkening of the tile centre in relation to the edges, as a result of the presence of moisture in the biscuit, also in tiles with transparent or translucent glazes. This defect usually disappears with time if no water penetrates after the tile installation.
Case 4
Changes of shade (customarily a darkening) at the UGL tile edges, in the proximity of the tile-to-tile joint, caused by the lodging of grout with a colour that contrasts with that of the tile in wall and floor tilings with natural and polished porcelain tile or fired-clay tiles (AIII or CIII).
Case 5
Stains also locatImpaired appearance (colour, texture and/or gloss), of wide but limited extension, following certain paths in the case of floorings.
Impaired appearance by mechanical action (surface abrasion) of a flooring, in localised areas, following a certain route
Increased cleaning difficulty owing to abrasion of the tile surface
Case 6
Whitish stains on porous unglazed ceramic tiles, also present in the tile-to-tile joints, owing to the formation of efflorescences of soluble salts stemming from underlying substrates.
Efflorescences in unglazed porous tiles and in tile-to-tile joints by migration of soluble salts and subsequent crystallisation/precipitation
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12004 Castellón
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From May 15 to Oct. 15
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E-mail: ipcdip@dipcas.es
